{"id":1031,"date":"2025-11-04T18:11:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T10:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ferina.top\/?p=1031"},"modified":"2025-11-05T16:26:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T08:26:10","slug":"bps3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ferina.top\/index.php\/2025\/11\/04\/bps3d\/","title":{"rendered":"bps3d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Scene -&gt; VulkanScene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>                 + camera    =    VulkanEnvironment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scene<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559offset\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41ifstream\u7ed9Scene.data, \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628aScene\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u89c6\u56fe,\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u7167offset\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct EnvironmentInit {\n    EnvironmentInit(const std::vector&lt;InstanceProperties&gt; &amp;instances,\n                    const std::vector&lt;LightProperties&gt; &amp;lights,\n                    uint32_t num_meshes);\n\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;glm::mat4x3&gt;&gt; transforms;\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt;&gt; materials;\n    std::vector&lt;std::pair&lt;uint32_t, uint32_t&gt;&gt; indexMap;\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt;&gt; reverseIDMap;\n\n    std::vector&lt;LightProperties&gt; lights;\n    std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt; lightIDs;\n    std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt; lightReverseIDs;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mesh\u548cinstance: \u5355\u4e2aMesh\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2ainstance, instance\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684Mesh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Instance transform Material: \u4e00\u4e2ainstance\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2atransform\u548cmaterial(\u5982\u4e0a,\u7528\u540c\u6837\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8,\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635, \u4ee3\u8868\u7b2ci\u7684mesh\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7b2cj\u4e2ainstance)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indexMap: \u7b2ci\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5168\u5c40id\u4e3ai\u7684instance,\u76ee\u524d\u4f4d\u4e8emesh\u77e9\u9635\u7684a\u884cb\u5217(\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u627e\u6570\u636e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reverseIDMap: \u884c\u6570\u4e3amesh\u4e2a\u6570, i\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4ee3\u8868\u7b2ci\u4e2amesh\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709instance\u7684id\u96c6\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>e.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u6709 3 \u4e2a mesh\uff080,1,2\uff09\uff0c\u5171 5 \u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u6309\u8bfb\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5b9e\u4f8b ID \u4e3a 0..4\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5217\u8868\uff08meshIndex, materialIndex\uff09\uff1a[(0, 1), (2, 0), (0, 3), (0, 1), (2, 2)]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6784\u9020\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transforms[0] \u5927\u5c0f 3\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5168\u5c40\u5b9e\u4f8b 0,2,3\uff09\uff0cmaterials[0] = [1,3,1]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transforms[1] \u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transforms[2] \u5927\u5c0f 2\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5168\u5c40\u5b9e\u4f8b 1,4\uff09\uff0cmaterials[2] = [0,2]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indexMap = [(0,0), (2,0), (0,1), (0,2), (2,1)]\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982 indexMap[4] = (2,1) \u8868\u793a\u5168\u5c40\u5b9e\u4f8b 4 \u5728 mesh 2 \u4e2d\u7684\u69fd 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reverseIDMap[0] = [0,2,3]\uff0creverseIDMap[2] = [1,4]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540e\u7aef\u6784\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a SSBO\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u6362 SSBO \u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6750\u8d28\u7d22\u5f15 SSBO\uff0c\u6309 mesh \u5206\u6bb5\u6216\u6574\u4f53\u5e03\u5c40<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6e32\u67d3\u5faa\u73af\u6309 mesh \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5176\u9876\/\u7d22\u7f13\u51b2\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5 instanced draw \u7684 firstInstance\/instanceCount \u6216\u901a\u8fc7 SSBO \u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u9876\u70b9\u683c\u5f0f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5df2\u77e5\uff08\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee shader \u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Vertex = {pos:vec3, nrm:vec3, uv:vec2}\uff0cstride=32B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hdr.indexOffset \/ hdr.chunkOffset \/ hdr.materialOffset \u4ee5\u201cbulk \u533a\u57df\u57fa\u5740\u201d\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MeshInfo.indexOffset \u4e3a\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u5143\u7d20\u504f\u79fb\u201d\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u662f index \u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0cindex \u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a uint32_t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a mesh \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5728\u5168\u5c40 vertex buffer \u4e2d\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 prefix-sum \u7b97 baseVertex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chunk \u5143\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\uff08\u672c\u4f8b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf4\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u88c1\u526a\/\u7ec6\u5206\u7ed8\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5e26\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u5b57\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\u503c\uff09:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>numMeshes=2, numVertices=10,000, numIndices=18,000, numChunks=128, numMaterials=12<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9876\u70b9 stride=32B \u2192 \u9876\u70b9\u5757\u5927\u5c0f = 10,000 \u00d7 32 = 320,000B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>index \u5143\u7d20=uint32 \u2192 \u7d22\u5f15\u5757\u5927\u5c0f = 18,000 \u00d7 4 = 72,000B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chunk \u5143\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u5047\u8bbe 32B\/\u6761 \u2192 128 \u00d7 32 = 4,096B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>materials \u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u5047\u8bbe 12 \u00d7 sizeof(MaterialParams)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe 64B\/\u6761 \u2192 768B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hdr \u504f\u79fb\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9 bulk \u57fa\u5740\uff09\u793a\u4f8b:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indexOffset = 320,000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chunkOffset = 320,000 + 72,000 = 392,000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>materialOffset = 392,000 + 4,096 = 396,096<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>totalBytes = \u9876\u70b9 + \u7d22\u5f15 + chunk + materials = 320,000 + 72,000 + 4,096 + 768 = 396,864<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>meshInfo \u8868\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u89c1\u6ce8\uff09:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mesh 0: indexOffset=0, numTriangles=3,000 \u2192 indexCount=9,000; numVertices=6,200; numChunks=70; chunkOffset=0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mesh 1: indexOffset=9000, numTriangles=3,000 \u2192 indexCount=9,000; numVertices=3,800; numChunks=58; chunkOffset=70<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9876\u70b9 base\uff08\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\uff1abaseVertex[0]=0, baseVertex[1]=6,200<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u5e03\u5c40\uff08ASCII \u56fe\uff09<br>[0x000000] uint32 magic 0x55555555<br>[0x000004] uint32 formatVersion (=1)<br>[0x000008] StagingHeader hdr { numMeshes, numVertices, numIndices, numChunks, numMaterials,<br>indexOffset, chunkOffset, materialOffset, totalBytes }<br>[0x0000??] pad \u2192 256B \u5bf9\u9f50<br>[0x000100] MeshInfo[ numMeshes ] \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2a mesh: indexOffset(\u5143\u7d20), chunkOffset(\u5143\u7d20), numTriangles, numVertices, numChunks<br>[..] uint32 num_lights<br>[..] LightProperties[ num_lights ]<br>[..] char textureDir[\u2026]\\0<br>[..] uint32 num_textures<br>[..] char albedo0\\0 char albedo1\\0 \u2026<br>[..] uint32 num_instances<br>[..] \u91cd\u590d num_instances \u6b21 { uint32 meshIndex; uint32 materialIndex; glm::mat4x3 txfm; }<br>[..] pad \u2192 256B \u5bf9\u9f50<br>[bulkBase] Vertex bytes [ numVertices \u00d7 stride ] \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb<br>[bulkBase + hdr.indexOffset] Index uint32[ numIndices ]<br>[bulkBase + hdr.chunkOffset] ChunkMeta[ numChunks ] \/\/ \u4f8b\u5982 32B\/\u6761\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b<br>[bulkBase + hdr.materialOffset] MaterialParams[ numMaterials ]<br>[bulkBase + hdr.totalBytes] EOF\/\u4e0b\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>bulkBase \u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21 256B \u5bf9\u9f50\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002hdr \u5185\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a offset \u5747\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MeshInfo.indexOffset \u4e3a\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u504f\u79fb\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb = (bulkBase + hdr.indexOffset) + indexOffset \u00d7 sizeof(uint32), \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2aoffset\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fhdr\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u4f53offset,\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fmeshinfo\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8offset<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6309 index \u4fe1\u606f\u8bfb\u53d6 bulk \u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7ed8\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u5757\uff1aseekg(bulkBase + 0) \u8bfb\u53d6 numVertices \u00d7 stride(\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u5757\uff1aseekg(bulkBase + hdr.indexOffset) \u8bfb\u53d6 numIndices \u00d7 4B(\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u67d0 mesh \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5b50\u533a\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>firstIndexBytes = (hdr.indexOffset) + mesh.indexOffset \u00d7 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indexCount = mesh.numTriangles \u00d7 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97 baseVertex\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981 DrawIndexed \u7684 vertexOffset\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9 meshInfo.numVertices \u505a\u524d\u7f00\u548c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6 chunk\uff1aseekg(bulkBase + hdr.chunkOffset + mesh.chunkOffset \u00d7 sizeof(ChunkMeta)) \u8fde\u7eed\u8bfb\u53d6 mesh.numChunks \u6761<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/claude.ai\/chat\/0bce05b5-185b-4fd1-ac00-f1fc86f0cce5\">https:\/\/claude.ai\/chat\/0bce05b5-185b-4fd1-ac00-f1fc86f0cce5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct Scene {\n    std::vector&lt;MeshInfo&gt; meshInfo;\n    EnvironmentInit envInit;\n};\n\nstruct EnvironmentInit {\n    EnvironmentInit(const std::vector&lt;InstanceProperties&gt; &amp;instances,\n                    const std::vector&lt;LightProperties&gt; &amp;lights,\n                    uint32_t num_meshes);\n\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;glm::mat4x3&gt;&gt; transforms;\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt;&gt; materials;\n    std::vector&lt;std::pair&lt;uint32_t, uint32_t&gt;&gt; indexMap;\n    std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt;&gt; reverseIDMap;\n\n    std::vector&lt;LightProperties&gt; lights;\n    std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt; lightIDs;\n    std::vector&lt;uint32_t&gt; lightReverseIDs;\n};\n\nstruct VulkanScene : public Scene {\n    TextureData textures;\n    DescriptorSet cullSet;\n    DescriptorSet drawSet;\n\n    LocalBuffer data;\n    VkDeviceSize indexOffset;\n    uint32_t numMeshes;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2acpuTexture,  \u90fd\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21makeTexture\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u9884\u5206\u914dGPU\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd4\u56deVKImage\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6b64\u65f6\u7684offset\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9884\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6839\u636eoffset\u548creqs.size\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5230\u8be5\u56fe\u50cf\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2abatch\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uff1freqs.size\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u600e\u6837\u53d6\u51fa\u56fe\u50cf\u5462\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6240\u6709texture\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528alloc.alloc\u5b9e\u9645\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5757GPU\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9texture_store\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914dcpu\u4e0acpu_texture_bytes\u7684stagingBuffer\uff0c \u7528\u4e8e\u51c6\u5907transfer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540e\u7eed\u5728\u904d\u5386textures\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5386<em>ktx -&gt; staging buffer<\/em> <em>staging buffer -&gt; gpu<\/em> \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7eb9\u7406\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u662fdata\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u7684data\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u6574\u5757LocalBuffer\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fGPU\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u5757 HostBuffer \uff08CPU\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6574\u4f53\u7ecf\u5386ifstream -&gt; stagingbuffer -&gt; gpu \u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pipeline barrier\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>texture transfer to gpu\u4e4b\u524d\uff08barrier.srcAccessMask = 0; barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2abarrier\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728transfer\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u628alayout\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3aVK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transfer\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u79fb\u961f\u5217\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4ecetransfer\u5230graphics\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5bf9data\u548ctexture\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u961f\u5217\u65cf\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u8d77\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>        for (VkImageMemoryBarrier &amp;barrier : texture_barriers) {\n            barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;\n            barrier.dstAccessMask = 0;\n            barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;\n            barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;\n            barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = dev.transferQF;\n            barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = dev.gfxQF;\n        }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Transfer queue relinquish geometry\n    VkBufferMemoryBarrier geometry_barrier;\n    geometry_barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;\n    geometry_barrier.pNext = nullptr;\n    geometry_barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;\n    geometry_barrier.dstAccessMask = 0;\n    geometry_barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = dev.transferQF;\n    geometry_barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = dev.gfxQF;\n\n    geometry_barrier.buffer = data.buffer;\n    geometry_barrier.offset = 0;\n    geometry_barrier.size = load_info.hdr.totalBytes;\n\n    \/\/ Geometry &amp; texture barrier execute.\n    dev.dt.cmdPipelineBarrier(\n        transfer_stage_cmd_, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,\n        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0, 0, nullptr, 1, &amp;geometry_barrier,\n        texture_barriers.size(), texture_barriers.data());<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aacquire\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cgeometry\u548ctexture\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>geometry\u590d\u7528\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684geometry_barrier\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1transfer\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684release\u65e9\u4e8egraphics\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684acquire\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u9876\u70b9\u8f93\u5165\u9636\u6bb5\u6309READ\u63a9\u7801\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    \/\/ Finish moving geometry onto graphics queue family\n    \/\/ geometry and textures need separate barriers due to different\n    \/\/ dependent stages\n    geometry_barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;\n    geometry_barrier.dstAccessMask =\n        VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT;\n\n    VkPipelineStageFlags dst_geo_gfx_stage =\n        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT;\n\n    dev.dt.cmdPipelineBarrier(gfx_copy_cmd_, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,\n                              dst_geo_gfx_stage, 0, 0, nullptr, 1,\n                              &amp;geometry_barrier, 0, nullptr);\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>texture\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709texture\u5728shader\u91c7\u6837\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5199\u5165\u5bf9shader\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u5e03\u5c40\u4ecetransfer\u6539\u6210\u53ea\u8bfb\u91c7\u6837\u5e03\u5c40<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    if (num_textures &gt; 0) {\n        for (VkImageMemoryBarrier &amp;barrier : texture_barriers) {\n            barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;\n            barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;\n            barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;\n            barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;\n            barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = dev.transferQF;\n            barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = dev.gfxQF;\n        }\n\n        \/\/ Finish acquiring mip level 0 on graphics queue and transition layout\n        dev.dt.cmdPipelineBarrier(\n            gfx_copy_cmd_, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,\n            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,\n            texture_barriers.size(), texture_barriers.data());\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u540e\u7eedgraphics\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7semaphore\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1transfer\u63d0\u4ea4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>cullSet -&gt; \u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u5254\u9664<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>drawSet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    \/\/ Draw Set Layout\n    \/\/ 0: Vertex buffer \u662fGpu data.buffer\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n    \/\/ 1: sampler \uff1f\n    \/\/ 2: textures \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662ftexture\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684image View\n    \/\/ 3: material params \u662fGpu data.buffer\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>gpu\u4e2ddata.buffer \u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>data.buffer\uff08device-local \u7684 LocalBuffer\uff09\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u5206\u6bb5\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[0, hdr.numVertices*sizeof(Vertex)) \u2192 \u9876\u70b9\u533a\uff08drawSet\/binding 0\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[hdr.indexOffset, hdr.indexOffset + numIndices*4) \u2192 \u7d22\u5f15\u533a\uff08vkCmdBindIndexBuffer \u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[hdr.chunkOffset, hdr.chunkOffset + numChunks*sizeof(MeshChunk)) \u2192 \u5254\u9664\u7528 chunk \u533a\uff08cullSet\/binding 0\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[hdr.materialOffset, hdr.materialOffset + numMaterials*sizeof(MaterialParams)) \u2192 \u6750\u8d28\u533a\uff08drawSet\/binding 3\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7eb9\u7406\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a VkImage + \u5404\u81ea VkImageView\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00 VkDeviceMemory \u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c offset \u7ed1\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 drawSet \u7684 textures \u6570\u7ec4\uff08binding 2\uff09\u66b4\u9732<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684descriptorSet\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u590d\u7528\u7684global\u6570\u636e\u3002\u50cfvertex\uff0ctexture\u7684\u7eb9\u7406\u53c2\u6570\uff0ctexture view\uff0c\u5305\u62eccullSet\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21bind\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>bps3d\u7684batch rendering\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. \u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aload scene\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u7740\u6574\u5757\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230GPU\u7684\uff0cvertex\uff0cindex\u548cchunk\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u914dGPU\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6574\u4e2acopy\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2. texture\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684texture\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684GPU\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4f53copy\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684offset\u9010\u4e2acopy\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3. batch\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5207\u5206\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6e32\u67d3\u4e00\u5f20\u5927\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u89c6\u56fe = \u6e32\u67d3batch_size\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6e32\u67d3\u6570\u636e\u7684GPU\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u5168\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u4f46FrameBuffer\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5757\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u53ea\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed8\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4. \u53cc\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5f20\u603b\u4f53\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5747\u8861cpu\u548cgpu\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5. \u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5728\u6e32\u67d3\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4render_cmd\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2acopy\u547d\u4ee4\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684graphic_queue\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2acopy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5f55\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u628afb\u7684\u989c\u8272\u9644\u4ef6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u9644\u4ef6\uff0ccopy\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684gpu\u7ebf\u6027buffer\u4e2d\u3002\u987a\u5e8f\u662fenv0.color, env1.color &#8230;. env1023.color \u3002env0.depth&#8230;\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u901a\u8fc7cudacopy\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u5230host\u5185\u90e8\u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6. indirect Draw:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>param: MVP | material | viewinfo | light | cull <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indirect: count | draw \u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u5168\u5c40\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u8fdb\u884ccull\u548cdraw\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vertex\u663e\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0cindex\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2ascene\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u6b21 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7. \u4f18\u5316\u70b9\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11cmdDraw\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11context\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51b2\u7a81\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u7269\u7406 vs \u6e32\u67d3\u3002mujoco\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u4eff\u771f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684mjtGeom\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u64ce\u65b9\u4fbf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u6e32\u67d3\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6e32\u67d3\u65b9\u5411\u7279\u5316\u7684Mesh\u7f51\u683c\uff0cvertex index\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0cmujoco\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u7269\u7406\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u4f4e\u6a21\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6e32\u67d3\u65b9\u5411\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0d\u662fmujoco\u4e13\u957f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u7528ECS\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u5206\u522b\u7ef4\u62a4\u7269\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6\u548c\u6e32\u67d3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8emujoco\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2ascene\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6574\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1fmjGeom\u81ea\u8eab\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709transform\u548ctexture\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c6\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u6309\u7167vertex\uff0cindex\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u5904\u7406batch\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cmanager\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fenv\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u548cvulkan\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u7684batch\u5f62\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u52a8\uff1f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u601d\u8003\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709opengl\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cmodel\uff0cdata\uff0ccontext\uff0cscene\u56db\u9879\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684env\u7c7b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2arenderer\u7ba1\u7406batch_size\u4e2aenv\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aFB\u4e0a\u9762\u5360\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4escene\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0eopengl\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u5f3a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u51fa\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdupdateScene\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6539\u52a8render\u548creadPixels\u73af\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1avertexBuffer\uff0cindexBuffer\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53c2\u7167bps3d\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>render\uff1a\u5206\u914d\u6574\u5757\u7684FB\uff0cenvs\u904d\u5386\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884ccmdDraw\uff0cFB.color 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